TERMS FOR THE ESSAY TEST FORMAT
When you are required to complete essay test questions, you should be aware that the test terms usually have a specific meaning in test taking. Read through the list below. You may even want to compare an old essay exam with the terms to see how you fared in responding to the question.
COMPARE
Although differences of the items will probably be mentioned, you are to emphasize the similarities. Look carefully for qualities or characteristics in order to find resemblances.
CONTRAST
Again, similarities of the items might be mentioned, but you are to stress the differences or unlikenesses of the items.
DEFINE
In writing a definition you must be both clear and concise. It is often best to begin with the general class to which the item belongs. Then decide what differentiates that item from the general description. Examples may be added but only after you have provided the definition. The example is NOT the definition.
DESCRIBE
This term requires a narrative form of writing in which you will recount, relate or characterize an item, event, issue, etc.
DIAGRAM
To provide a diagram means to create a drawing, chart, or plan.
DISCUSS
This term is probably one of the most popular essay direction words. Discuss usually means to present a complete and detailed answer. You will need to examine and analyze the pros and cons of the issue, problem, or item cited.
ENUMERATE
This term requires a list or outline form as a reply. Each point should be recounted one by one in a concise form.
EVALUATE
For evaluation, you are expected to carefully appraise a problem or issue. You need to consider both advantages and limitations and your tone should be authoritative. Your personal appraisal should be limited unless you are requested to provide your personal feelings.
EXPLAIN
For this term you must clarify and interpret the material you present. It is often best to state the how or the why and reconcile any differences in opinions or experimental results. The goal of your answer should be to explain the conditions which give rise to whatever you are examining.
ILLUSTRATE
For this term, your answer should explain or clarify by presenting a figure, diagram, or concrete example.
INTERPRET
This term is similar to explanation. You can translate or comment about the subject and you usually can give your judgment or reaction to the problem or issue.
JUSTIFY
To justify your answer is to make a decision or choose a side of an issue and offer proof as to why you have selected that side. Your evidence should be specific and convincing.
OUTLINE
Organized description is another term for outline. The main points and the essential details are needed while minor details can be omitted. Information should be presented in a systematic order.
PROVE
This term requires you to provide evidence or logical reasoning to establish certainty. You must evaluate the topic or item with the goal of confirmation or verification.
SUMMARIZE
You should present the main points in a condensed form.
STATE
Main points should be presented in a brief but clear narrative form while details and illustrations are usually omitted.
TRACE
This term requires a chronological or historical sequence of events. Or you may look at the development of a topic from its point of origin. You may also be asked to make deductions about the topic.
Based on USAF Academy How To Study Program