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Lecture/Outline

Issues

Blackboard - Discussion Pages

Charles E. Ophardt, Professor of Chemistry, Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, IL 60126, charleso@elmhurst.edu, Copyright 2004

Do a or b. QUES. 1a: Define point and non point sources of water pollution and give a few specific examples. QUES. 1b: How did the city of Chicago attempt to cope with cholera and typhoid outbreaks? What is the reason that the city of Chicago reversed the flow of both the Chicago River and the Calumet River?

Non-Point Sources of Water Pollution - EPA History of Chicago Water Supply Chicago River Reversed History or Water Supply and Disease History or Water Treatment History or Water Distribution incl. Chicago (bot)

3. Biodegradable organic oxygen demanding wastes BOD Text p. 295-296	ProfONotes: Natural Biochemical Cycles BOD Test -
4. Plant Nutrients - Eutrophication Text p. 297-298	Nutrient Home Page What are nutrients? Home Page - Are Nutrient's in Water too Much of a Good Thing? Extensive further links ProfONotes: Phosphate Cycle ProfONotes: Nitrogen Cycle ProfONotes (see bottom half): Natural Biochemical Cycles Nitrogen cycle - Kimball Nutrient Overload

Do a or b QUES. 2a: What pollutant is being measured by BOD? How does this pollutant if present in water affect the biolife in the water? QUES. 2b: What are nutrients? How do nutrients affect the process of eutrophication? Which nutrient can cause some health problems? Look at some of the sites above especially those marked with ProfO Notes.

ProfONotes: Natural Biochemical Cycles What parts of the Nation are most effected by nutrients? Are drinking Water Supplies Effected? Home Page - Are Nutrient's in Water too Much of a Good Thing? Extensive further links Maps of Nitrate Concentrations

5. Industrial and Agricultural Wastes Text - p, 299-304

A. Inorganic metals	Text p. 299-302
B. Organics and Pesticides	Text p. 302-304, 494-498 Pesticides and Herbicides in Water - definitions EPA
C. Animal Feed lot Waste	Manure from feed lots

Do a or b QUES. 3a: What are the issues relating to pesticide and herbicide use in agricultural areas? Explain. QUES. 3b: List some sources and issues surrounding the possible water pollution from agricultural sources.

Text p. 302-304, 494-498 Maps of pesticide use Non-Point Sources for Agriculture Agricultural sources of pollution

6. Thermal pollution Text p. 304	ProfO Notes: Cooling Tower photos and graphic
7. Ocean Pollution - oil and dredge spoils	Oil Pollution Respond to an Oil Spill Exxon Valdez - cleanup photos Oil spill off the coast of Spain. Carlos Alvarez/Getty Images
8. Ground water contamination Text - p, 305-06	Drinking Water Contaminants Arsenic in U. S. Water Supply Arsenic Map of U. S. Arsenic Laced Tube Wells in Bangladesh

QUES. 4: Pick one question. Use the above internet sites to find information and get an overview on the type of pollution. What chemicals are present? Effects on the environment? Health effects, if any? a. Thermal pollution b. Ocean pollution c. Ground water contamination - in general. Several people may pick this one and discuss different sources and specific contaminents. d. Arsenic EPA standard controversy - although this is of natural origin. e. Aresenic in Bangladesh well water.

9. Domestic Water Treatment Plants	History of Domestic Sewage Treatment Brief Sewage Treatment Boston Harbor Deer Island Treatment Plant Boston Sewer System
A. Primary and Secondary Treatment Text p. 306-309	ProfONotes: Water Treatment at City of Elmhurst, Ill

Do a or b QUES. 5a: Explain the basic steps in how a waste water treatment plant operates.What are the major chemical(s) removed during secondary treatment? QUES. 5b: If these chemicals are not removed effectively, the BOD levels in a stream or lake where the waste water is discharged will increase dramatically and result in very low to no oxygen in the water. Explain the natural cycle that includes bacteria, oxygen, organic chemicals, and BOD.

Text p. 306-309 ProfONotes: Water Treatment at City of Elmhurst, Ill ProfO Notes: Natural cycle

B. Tertiary or Advanced Waste Treatment Text p. 309

Advanced Process Wikipedia Field trip to Blue Plains - read toward bottom for tertiary treatment.

QUES. 6: Sorry, I could not find detailed info here. Sites have disappeared. Carefully read text and carefully search the above sites for bits of info. Pick one question a. Use the above internet sites to find information and get an overview about the purpose of advanced waste treatment. How does it work? What chemicals are removed by this treatment? Pick one of the methods and discuss it. b. Why should these chemicals be removed and not released into the natural water systems? What natural processes are disrupted if these chemicals are present in the natural water after waste treatment? ProfONotes: Natural Biochemical Cycles

C. Rural Septic Tank Systems

How Septic Tanks Work Septic Tanks More details on Septic Tanks

QUES. 7: For those students that live in rural areas that have Septic Tank Systems: Use the above internet sites to find information and get an overview about the purpose of Septic Tank Systems. How do they work?